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PStrings in C
Volume Number:3
Issue Number:11
Column Tag:Programmer's Workshop

Pascal String Library for C

By Troy Clark, PO Box 2647, Carefree, AZ 85377

Breaking away from C strings and the Stdio Library

Many Mac C programmers use C style strings in order to remain compatible with the Stdio library which provides several commonly needed functions. Unfortunately, C strings are incompatible with virtually all the ROM routines that take strings as arguments. I will point out the draw backs to the most common solution to this compatibility problem and then discuss how to eliminate it altogether.

In this process, I will show you how to create libraries of code in such a way as to allow LightspeedC to link only the code that was actually used, as well as give you examples of how to use Apple’s SANE, Str2Dec and Dec2Str libraries. I will also demonstrate how to write functions in C that take a variable number of arguments. More importantly, I have provided the source for a complete Pascal String Library.

Need for a Pascal String Library

The easiest way around the string compatibility problem is to use the MacTraps routines CtoPstr() and PtoCstr() to convert back and fourth between C and Pascal strings at run time. However, using these extra function calls will increase the size of your code and may hinder your application’s overall performance since it takes time to do the conversions. Including the Stdio library adds approxiamtely 16K to your application alone. Couple this fact with the string conversion overhead neccessary to stay on speaking terms with the ROM, and you’ve got a real mess!

You could eliminate the problem altogether by using Pascal strings, exclusively. This implies having to write your own code as a functional replacement for the Stdio library. How dependent are you on the Stdio? Since getchar() and printf() are next to useless in the Mac environment, there are really only two areas of concern--file and Pascal string handling.

Reading the File Manager chapter of Inside Macintosh will get your wheels rolling in the file handling department. It is very easy to create, delete, open, close, read and write files using the ROM routines. If you need examples of how to use the routines and you can’t find them anywhere else, you can always dig through the Stdio’s source code. Yes--even the Stdio uses the ROM! Implementing a high quality Pascal String Library is not as easy, so I have taken this burden off your shoulders by providing one for you.

Writing the functions to draw, copy, concatenate and search Pascal strings was fairly straight forward. It is important to remember that type ‘char’ is actually a signed quantity and that character values greater than 127 will be considered negative. I got around this “feature” by declaring all Pascal string arguments as ‘unsigned char *’ (i.e. a pointer to an unsigned char). The signed quantity issue was particiliarly important for the PStrFind functions which take ‘char’s as arguments. Since all K&R standard C compilers convert ‘char’s to ‘int’s before passing them to a function, I declared the argument as type ‘int’ within the function definition and then manually stripped the sign extension off via: int_var &= 0xFF;

Fig. 1 Demo shows how to use the string library

Immediate char values such as ‘•’ DO NOT get sign extended! During a few moments of carelessness, you could easily write a function that works correctly with ‘immediate’ character arguments, but FAILS when tested with ‘char’ type arguments! Note that sign extension of type ‘char’ (i.e. or any other signed type) occurs BEFORE a cast takes affect, so casting type ‘char’ to type ‘unsigned int’ for example will not solve the problem.

(In hopes of reducing redundant expressions, I will henceforth substitute “standard type” in place of “type int, long, float, short double and double”)

Writing the functions to: 1) create a Pascal string representation of any standard type of number. 2) set the value of any standard type of number to the value represented in a Pascal string--was far more challenging. Rather than writing seperate functions for each type of number, I wrote two functions capable of operating on any standard type. This was made possible by using the SANE, Dec2Str and Str2Dec libraries!

SANE Contributions

There are two structures defined in the sane.h file which you need to be aware of in order to understand these libraries. Decimal structures are used to store decimal string representations of numeric values in up to 20 digits of precision. DecForm structures are used to specify the number of significant digits and whether you want a FLOATDECIMAL (i.e. scientific notation) or FIXEDDECIMAL (i.e. decimal) representation of a value.

SANE provides procedures to set a Decimal structure equal to the value of any standard type of number, as well as procedures to set the value of any standard type of number equal to a Decimal record. The Dec2Str library provides a procedure to create a Pascal string representation of a value in a Decimal structure according to the settings of a DecForm structure. The Str2Dec library provides a procedure to set a Decimal structure to the value represented in a Pascal string. These procedures are documented in the Apple Numerics Manual. I used them to create the PStr2Num() and Num2PStr() functions listed below--notice how little code was required!

Functions with Variable Arguments

LightspeedC generates code that uses a calling convention designed to allow programmers to write functions accepting a variable number of arguments:

;  High memory
;  Callers Code looks like this
 MOVE  . . ., -(SP)     ;  last argument
 . . .
 MOVE  . . ., -(SP)     ;  first argument
 JSR    function
 ADD   #. . ., -(SP)    ;  total size of arguments

;  Functions’s code looks like this
 LINK   A6, #. . .      ;  (optional)
 . . . 
 MOVE  . . ., D0        ;  result
 UNLK  A6               ;  (optional)
; Low memory

The first argument passed to a function is always in the same location relative to the stack pointer (register A7) regardless of how many additional arguments are supplied. Thus, all the arguments can be found by adding positive offsets to the address of the first which is usually an integer specifying how many arguments are to follow. The responsiblity of removing the arguments from the stack lies with the party that knows how many arguments were actualy passed--the caller. The PStrCat() and ShowVars() listed below are examples of functions written to accept a variable number of arguments. In LightspeedC, the maximum number of arguments is 31.

Fooling LS C into using Strip-able Code Libraries

LightspeedC’s linker considers libraries built with ‘Build Library...’ command as ATOMIC code units. If any code is used then the ALL the code gets linked! If a library is itself a project, however, then all the source files and libraries with in it are individually eligible for removal. This is the key to creating ‘strip-able’ code libraries in LightSpeed C! All you have to do is: 1) create a seperate source file for each function 2) create a new project and add all the files 3) compile the files. You can now consider this project a ‘libary’ and include it in any other project you want.

String Library Demo Shows How to Use It!

I have also provide the source for an application that DEMO’s the Pascal String Library. It’s basically an online tutorial that explains the ‘how to’s and ‘results of’ using each function in the library.

You can find stuff like this only in MacTutor! I would like to thank David Smith for allowing me to share this information with you. Until next time...

/*    File: PStrLib.h           */

#ifndef _PStrLib_
 #define_PStrLib_
 #ifndef _WindowMgr_
 #include <WindowMgr.h>
 #endif
 #ifndef _FontMgr_
 #include <FontMgr.h>
 #endif
 #ifndef _saneh_
 #include <sane.h>
 #endif
 extern char _char[];
 #defineBOOL1
 #defineCDBLFFEXT
 #defineCSHORTDBLFFDBL
 #defineCFLOAT   FFSGL
 #defineCINTFFINT
 #defineCLONG    FFLNG
 #defineCCOMP    FFCOMP
 #definePSTR2
 #defineDEC FIXEDDECIMAL
 #defineSCI FLOATDECIMAL
 #defineALL 255
 #defineNIL 0L
 #defineCEN (-1)
 #defineNL1 (-1)
 #defineNL2 (-2)
 #defineCUR (-3)
 #defineplain    ‘’
 #define  _alpha 1
 #define  _digit 2
 #define  _hex   4
 #define  _octal 8
 #define_ascii   16
 #define_cntrl   32
 #define  _punct 64
 #define  _space 128
/* 
The c character passed to the macros below should be’declared as’ or 
‘cast to’ type ‘Byte’ or ‘unsigned char’. Type char gets sign extended 
to an integer. Thus, when c > 127 the _char[] subscript becomes negative! 
 Note that immediate chars such as ‘•’ do not get sign extended so they’re 
okay.
*/
#define IsAlphaNum(c) (_char[(c)+1]&(_alpha|_digit))
 #defineIsAlpha(c) (_char[(c)+1]&_alpha)
 #defineIsAscii(c) (_char[(c)+1]&_ascii)
 #defineIsCntrl(c) (_char[(c)+1]&_cntrl)
#define IsCSym(c) ((_char[(c)+1]&(_alpha|_digit))||(c)==’_’)
#define IsCSymF(c) ((_char[(c)+1]&_alpha)||(c)==’_’)
 #define  IsDigit(c) (_char[(c)+1]&_digit)
 #defineIsGraph(c) ((c)>=’!’&&(c)<=’~’)
 #defineIsOctDigit(c)(_char[(c)+1]&_octal)
 #defineIsPrint(c) ((c)>=32&&(c)<=255)
 #defineIsPunct(c) (_char[(c)+1]&_punct)
 #defineIsSpace(c) (_char[(c)+1]&_space)
 #defineIsHexDigit(c)(_char[(c)+1]&_hex)
#endif
/*    FILE:  macros_char.c
 Contains _char[] used by macros in PStrLib.h */
#include“PStrLib.h”

char _char[257] =
{/* char masks allow for efficient macros */
 0, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii|_space, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii|_space, _cntrl|_ascii|_space,
 _cntrl|_ascii|_space, _cntrl|_ascii|_space,
 _cntrl|_ascii|_space, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii, _cntrl|_ascii,
 _cntrl|_ascii, _space|_ascii, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii,
 _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii, _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii,
 _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii, _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii,
 _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii, _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii,
 _digit|_hex|_octal|_ascii, _digit|_hex|_ascii,
 _digit|_hex|_ascii, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _alpha|_hex|_ascii,
 _alpha|_hex|_ascii, _alpha|_hex|_ascii,
 _alpha|_hex|_ascii, _alpha|_hex|_ascii,
 _alpha|_hex|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _alpha|_ascii|_hex, _alpha|_ascii|_hex,
 _alpha|_ascii|_hex, _alpha|_ascii|_hex,
 _alpha|_ascii|_hex, _alpha|_ascii|_hex,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii,
 _alpha|_ascii, _alpha|_ascii, _ascii|_punct,
 _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct, _ascii|_punct,
 _cntrl|_ascii,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
};
/*    FILE:   Num2PStr.c    
 Creates a pascal string rep of a given type of 
 number, returning TRUE if it fails to do so. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

Num2PStr(type, numPtr, pStr, format, places)
inttype;/* type of var pointed at by numPtr */
void  *numPtr; /* size of *numPtr depends on type */
register char  *pStr;/* points to a PASCAL string */           
int   format;  /* specifies Dec or Sci notation */
intplaces;/* # digits to right of Dec point */
{
 auto   Decimal  _Decimal_;
 auto   DecForm  _DecForm_;
 register int    n = 1;
 
/* 
NOTE: When Dec2Str() fails, it sets pStr == ‘?’. The most common cause 
of failure is trying to convert a large number to DEC string format using 
a large places value. The do-while loop below catches such failures and 
fixes them by changing the format to SCI which virtually never fails 
(See the Apple Numerics Manual for more details).  
*/ 
 do {
 _DecForm_.style = n > 0 ? format : FLOATDECIMAL;
 _DecForm_.digits = format == FLOATDECIMAL ? places + 1 : places;
   fp68k(&_DecForm_, numPtr, &_Decimal_, type + FOB2D);
   Dec2Str(_DecForm_, &_Decimal_, pStr);
 } while (pStr[1] == ‘?’ && --n >= 0);
Kreturn(pStr[1] == ‘?’); /* Ret TRUE if Dec2Str() FAILED */
}
/*    FILE:   PStr2Num.c
 Sets value of a given type of number based on a pascal string representation, 
returning TRUE if it fails to do so. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStr2Num(pStr, type, numPtr)
char  *pStr;/* points to a PASCAL string */        
inttype;/* type of variable n points at */
void  *numPtr; /* generic pointer */
{
 auto Decimal  _decimal_;
 auto int valid, index = 1; 
 /* start-scan pos. of pStr */
 
 Str2Dec(pStr, &index, &_decimal_, &valid);
 fp68k(&_decimal_, numPtr, type + FOD2B);
 return(!valid); /*returns TRUE if failed */
}
/*    FILE:   PStrCat.c
 Concatenates 2-30 Pascal strings. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrCat(count, dst)  
register intcount; /* # of strings (including dst) */
unsigned char  *dst; /* destination pascal string */
{
 register unsigned char *dstPtr, *srcPtr;
 register unsigned char **argList = &dst;
 register int     argLen, totLen;
 
 if ((totLen = *dst) < 255) {
 if (count > 30)
 count = 30;/* max. # of string args 30 */
 dstPtr = dst + totLen; 
 /* dstPtr = 1 past end of dst */
 while (--count > 0 && totLen < 255) {
 srcPtr = *++argList;
 argLen = srcPtr[0];
 if (totLen + argLen > 255)
 argLen = 255 - totLen;
 /* max totLen = 255 */
 totLen += argLen; 
 while (--argLen >= 0)  /* add arg’s char to dst */
 *++dstPtr = *++srcPtr;   
 }
 dst[0] = totLen;/* sets length of dst */
 }
}
/*    FILE:   PStrCmp.c
 Compares src to dst returning <0 less than, =0 equal, >0 greater */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrCmp(src, dst)
register unsigned char  *src, *dst; /* Pascal strings */
{
 register int    slen = *src, dlen = *dst;
 register int    mlen = *src <= *dst ? *src : *dst;
 
 while (--mlen >= 0 && *++src == *++dst);
 return(((slen != dlen && *src == *dst) ? slen - dlen : *src - *dst));
}
/*    FILE:   PStrCopy.c
 Copys count char from pos of src to dst. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrCopy(src, pos, count, dst)
register unsigned char  *src, *dst; /* Pascal strings */
register intpos, count;
{
 register int    max;
 
 --pos;
 if (count > (max = *src - pos))   
 count = max;
 src += pos;
 *dst = count;
 while (--count >= 0) *++dst = *++src;
}
/*    FILE:   PStrDel.c
 Deletes count chars from pos of dst. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrDel(s, pos, count)
register unsigned char  *s; /* Pascal string */
register intpos, count;
{
 register unsigned char *t;
 register int    shift;
 
 if (*s) {
 if (--pos + count > *s)
 count = *s - pos;
 shift = *s - pos;
 *s -= count;
 s += pos;
 t = s + count;
 while (--shift >= 0)
 *++s = *++t;
 }
}
/*    FILE:  PStrDraw.c
 Draws 1 to 10 Pascal strings at specified locations in the current GrafPort. 
 It Offers auto-centering and New-Line modes. If h == 0 then it uses 
the last (current) h position. If v == 0 then it uses the last (current) 
v position. If x < 0 then s is centered inside the portRect.  If y < 
0 then it offsets -y number of lines from current v pos. Otherwise, h 
and v represent the desired x and y coordinates. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrDraw(count, s, h, v)
intcount; /* number of { s, h, v} sets to follow */
char  *s; /* a pascal string to draw */
inth;   /* horizontal position */
intv;   /* vertical position */
{
 register char *argPtr = (char *)&count;
 register char *sp;
 register Rect *rp = &thePort->portRect;
 register int    x, y, lineHeight = 1.5 * thePort->txSize;
 static int old_x = 0, old_y = 0;
 
 while (--count >= 0) {
 sp = *(char **)(argPtr += 2);
 x = *(int *)(argPtr += 4);
 y = *(int *)(argPtr += 2);
 if (x >= 0)
 old_x = x;
 else if (x != CUR)/* Auto-Center Mode? */
   old_x = (rp->right - rp->left - StringWidth(sp)) / 2;
 if (y >= 0)
 old_y = y;
 else if (y != CUR)/* New-Line Mode? */
 old_y += -y * lineHeight;
 MoveTo(old_x, old_y);
 DrawString(sp);
 old_x += StringWidth(sp);
 }
}
/*    FILE:   PStrFind.c
 Finds first occurance of p in t. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFind(p, t, pos)  
unsigned char  *p, *t;  /* Pascal strings */
register intpos; /* char pos to start search  */
{/* range of pos: 1 to 255 */
 register unsigned char *tp = t + pos, *pp = p, *ppe=p + *p;
 register long tpe = (long)(t + *t); /*trick ptr!*/
 
 while (++pp <= ppe && tp <= (unsigned char *)tpe) {
 while (*pp != *tp) {
 tp = t + ++pos; /* tp to next pos in text */
 pp = p + 1;/* sp to start of pattern */
 }
 ++tp;  /* compare next char for match */
 }
 return(pp > ppe ? pos : 0);
 /* 0 if Not Found, else char position in t */
}
/*    FILE:   PStrFindFC.c
 Finds first occurance of c in s. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFindFC(s, c) 
register unsigned char  *s; /* Pascal string */
register intc;   /* char to find */
{
 register int    n = *s;
 register unsigned char *sp = s;
 
 c &= 0xFF; 
 /* strip sign ext. in case caller was type char */
 while (*++sp != c && --n >= 0);
 return(n >= 0 ? sp - s : 0);
}/* Result: 0 if Not Found, else char position */
/*    FILE:   PStrFindFNS.c
 Finds first occurance in s NOT in set. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFindFNS(s, set)  
unsigned char  *s, *set;  /* Pascal strings */
{
 register int    i = *s, n;
 register unsigned char *setp, *sp = s;
 
 while (--i >= 0) {
 ++sp;
 setp = set;
 n = *setp;
 while (--n >= 0 && *++setp != *sp);
 if (n < 0) return(sp - s);
 }
 return(0);
}/* Result: 0 if Not Found, else char position */
/*    FILE:   PStrFindFS.c
 Finds first occurance in both s and set. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFindFS(s, set)
unsigned char  *s, *set;  /* Pascal strings */
{
 register int    i = *s, n;
 register unsigned char *setp, *sp = s;
 
 while (--i >= 0) {
 ++sp;
 setp = set;
 n = *setp;
 while (--n >= 0 && *++setp != *sp);
 if (n >= 0) return(sp - s);
 }
 return(0);
}/* Result: 0 if Not Found, else char position */
/*    FILE:   PStrFindLC.c
 Finds last occurance of c in s. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFindLC(s, c) 
register unsigned char  *s; /* Pascal string */
register intc;   /* char to find */
{
 register int    n = *s;
 register unsigned char   *sp = s + n + 1;
 
 c &= 0xFF; 
 /* strips sign ext. in case caller was ‘char’ */
 while (*--sp != c && --n >= 0);
 return(sp - s);
}/* Result: 0 if Not Found, else char position */
/*    FILE:   PStrFindLS.c
 Finds last occurance in both s and set. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFindLS(s, set)
unsigned char  *s, *set;  /* Pascal strings */
{
 register int    i = *s, n;
 register unsigned char *setp, *sp = s + i;

 while (--i >= 0) {
 setp = set;
 n = *setp;
 while (--n >= 0 && *++setp != *sp);
 if (n >= 0) return(sp - s);
 --sp;
 }
 return(0);
}/* Result: 0 if Not Found, else char position */
/*    FILE:   PStrFixLen.c
 Sets length of pascal string s to len by either chopping extra chars 
off or by padding out with c characters. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrFixLen(s, len, c)
registerunsigned char*s;  /* pascal string */
register  int    len;/* max length is 255 */
registerint c;   /* pad character */
{
 register unsigned char *sp = s + *s;
 register int    n;
 
 if (*s < (len &= 0xFF)) {
 n = len - *s;
 while (--n >= 0)  *++sp = c;
 }
 *s = len;
}
/*    FILE:   PStrIns.c
 Inserts src at pos of dst. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrIns(src, dst, pos)
unsigned char    *src;  /* Pascal string */
register unsigned char  *dst; /* Pascal string */
register intpos;
{
 register unsigned char *s, *d;
 register int    len, shift;
 
 if (--pos + *src < 256) {
 len = *src;
 *dst += len;
 shift = *dst - pos;
 s = dst + *dst;
 d = ++s + len;
 while (--shift >= 0)
 *--d = *--s;
 }
 else {
 len = 255 - pos;
 *dst = 255;
 }
 s = dst + pos;
 while (--len >= 0)
 *++s = *++src;
}
/*    FILE:   PStrRep.c
 Replaces count chars from pos of dst with src. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

PStrRep(dst, pos, len, src) 
register char  *dst, *src;/* pascal strings */
register intpos, len;
{
 PStrDel(dst, pos, len);
 PStrIns(src, dst, pos);
}
/*    FILE:  SetFont.c
 Sets the txFont, txSize, txFace fields of the current GrafPort. */
#include“PStrLib.h”

SetFont(font, size, face)
intfont, size;
Style face;
{
 TextFont(font);
 TextSize(size);
 TextFace(face);
}
/*    FILE:   ShowVars.c 
 Displays up to 10 sets of variable labels and values.  */
#include“PStrLib.h”

ShowVars(count, varLabel, varType, varPtr)   
intcount; /* # of {varLabel,varType,varPtr} sets */
char  *varLabel; /* string label for variable */
intvarType; /* type of variable*/
char  *varPtr;   /* pointer to variable */
{
auto  char**lh = &varLabel; /* Ptr 1st varLabel */
auto  int *tp = &varType; /* Ptr to 1st varType */
auto  char**vh = &varPtr; /* Ptr to 1st varPtr */
auto  char*sp;
auto  Str255s;
auto  RectwRect;
auto  WindowPtr  wp, savedPort;
auto  int y = 5;
 
 if (count > 0) {
 if (count > 10)
 count = 10;/* max number of arg. sets */
 GetPort(&savedPort);
 wRect.top = 45;
 wRect.left = 72;
 wRect.bottom = count * 20 + wRect.top + 45;
 wRect.right = 440;
 wp = NewWindow(NIL, &wRect, NIL, TRUE, dBoxProc, -1L, FALSE, NIL);
 SetPort(wp);
 while (--count >= 0) {
 if (*tp == PSTR)
 sp = *vh;
 else if (*tp == BOOL)
 sp = **(Boolean **)vh ? “\pTRUE” : “\pFALSE”;
 else {
 sp = (char *)s;
 Num2PStr(*tp, *vh, sp, DEC, (*tp >= CINT ? 0 : 6));
 }
 MoveTo(30, y += 20);
 if (*lh && **lh){ /* Length varLabel > 0? */
 DrawString(*lh);
 DrawString(“\p = “);
 }
 DrawString(sp);
 /*  
 Incr. Ptr’s 10 bytes each pass so they’ll
 point to the next set of arg.s on the stack.
 */

 lh = (char **)((char *)lh + 10);
 tp += 5;
 vh = (char **)((char *)vh + 10);
 }
 MoveTo(30, wRect.bottom - wRect.top - 10);
 DrawString(“\pClick Mouse Button to Continue...”);
 while (!Button());/* Wait for a mouse down event */
 DisposeWindow(wp);
 SetPort(savedPort);
 }
}
 

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Having just launched what feels like yesterday, Dreamcube Studio is wasting no time adding events to their open-world survival Miraibo GO. Abyssal Souls arrives relatively in time for the spooky season and brings with it horrifying new partners to... | Read more »
Ditch the heavy binders and high price t...
As fun as the real-world equivalent and the very old Game Boy version are, the Pokemon Trading Card games have historically been received poorly on mobile. It is a very strange and confusing trend, but one that The Pokemon Company is determined to... | Read more »
Peace amongst mobile gamers is now shatt...
Some of the crazy folk tales from gaming have undoubtedly come from the EVE universe. Stories of spying, betrayal, and epic battles have entered history, and now the franchise expands as CCP Games launches EVE Galaxy Conquest, a free-to-play 4x... | Read more »
Lord of Nazarick, the turn-based RPG bas...
Crunchyroll and A PLUS JAPAN have just confirmed that Lord of Nazarick, their turn-based RPG based on the popular OVERLORD anime, is now available for iOS and Android. Starting today at 2PM CET, fans can download the game from Google Play and the... | Read more »
Digital Extremes' recent Devstream...
If you are anything like me you are impatiently waiting for Warframe: 1999 whilst simultaneously cursing the fact Excalibur Prime is permanently Vault locked. To keep us fed during our wait, Digital Extremes hosted a Double Devstream to dish out a... | Read more »
The Frozen Canvas adds a splash of colou...
It is time to grab your gloves and layer up, as Torchlight: Infinite is diving into the frozen tundra in its sixth season. The Frozen Canvas is a colourful new update that brings a stylish flair to the Netherrealm and puts creativity in the... | Read more »
Back When AOL WAS the Internet – The Tou...
In Episode 606 of The TouchArcade Show we kick things off talking about my plans for this weekend, which has resulted in this week’s show being a bit shorter than normal. We also go over some more updates on our Patreon situation, which has been... | Read more »
Creative Assembly's latest mobile p...
The Total War series has been slowly trickling onto mobile, which is a fantastic thing because most, if not all, of them are incredibly great fun. Creative Assembly's latest to get the Feral Interactive treatment into portable form is Total War:... | Read more »

Price Scanner via MacPrices.net

Early Black Friday Deal: Apple’s newly upgrad...
Amazon has Apple 13″ MacBook Airs with M2 CPUs and 16GB of RAM on early Black Friday sale for $200 off MSRP, only $799. Their prices are the lowest currently available for these newly upgraded 13″ M2... Read more
13-inch 8GB M2 MacBook Airs for $749, $250 of...
Best Buy has Apple 13″ MacBook Airs with M2 CPUs and 8GB of RAM in stock and on sale on their online store for $250 off MSRP. Prices start at $749. Their prices are the lowest currently available for... Read more
Amazon is offering an early Black Friday $100...
Amazon is offering early Black Friday discounts on Apple’s new 2024 WiFi iPad minis ranging up to $100 off MSRP, each with free shipping. These are the lowest prices available for new minis anywhere... Read more
Price Drop! Clearance 14-inch M3 MacBook Pros...
Best Buy is offering a $500 discount on clearance 14″ M3 MacBook Pros on their online store this week with prices available starting at only $1099. Prices valid for online orders only, in-store... Read more
Apple AirPods Pro with USB-C on early Black F...
A couple of Apple retailers are offering $70 (28%) discounts on Apple’s AirPods Pro with USB-C (and hearing aid capabilities) this weekend. These are early AirPods Black Friday discounts if you’re... Read more
Price drop! 13-inch M3 MacBook Airs now avail...
With yesterday’s across-the-board MacBook Air upgrade to 16GB of RAM standard, Apple has dropped prices on clearance 13″ 8GB M3 MacBook Airs, Certified Refurbished, to a new low starting at only $829... Read more
Price drop! Apple 15-inch M3 MacBook Airs now...
With yesterday’s release of 15-inch M3 MacBook Airs with 16GB of RAM standard, Apple has dropped prices on clearance Certified Refurbished 15″ 8GB M3 MacBook Airs to a new low starting at only $999.... Read more
Apple has clearance 15-inch M2 MacBook Airs a...
Apple has clearance, Certified Refurbished, 15″ M2 MacBook Airs now available starting at $929 and ranging up to $410 off original MSRP. These are the cheapest 15″ MacBook Airs for sale today at... Read more
Apple drops prices on 13-inch M2 MacBook Airs...
Apple has dropped prices on 13″ M2 MacBook Airs to a new low of only $749 in their Certified Refurbished store. These are the cheapest M2-powered MacBooks for sale at Apple. Apple’s one-year warranty... Read more
Clearance 13-inch M1 MacBook Airs available a...
Apple has clearance 13″ M1 MacBook Airs, Certified Refurbished, now available for $679 for 8-Core CPU/7-Core GPU/256GB models. Apple’s one-year warranty is included, shipping is free, and each... Read more

Jobs Board

Seasonal Cashier - *Apple* Blossom Mall - J...
Seasonal Cashier - Apple Blossom Mall Location:Winchester, VA, United States (https://jobs.jcp.com/jobs/location/191170/winchester-va-united-states) - Apple Read more
Seasonal Fine Jewelry Commission Associate -...
…Fine Jewelry Commission Associate - Apple Blossom Mall Location:Winchester, VA, United States (https://jobs.jcp.com/jobs/location/191170/winchester-va-united-states) Read more
Seasonal Operations Associate - *Apple* Blo...
Seasonal Operations Associate - Apple Blossom Mall Location:Winchester, VA, United States (https://jobs.jcp.com/jobs/location/191170/winchester-va-united-states) - Read more
Hair Stylist - *Apple* Blossom Mall - JCPen...
Hair Stylist - Apple Blossom Mall Location:Winchester, VA, United States (https://jobs.jcp.com/jobs/location/191170/winchester-va-united-states) - Apple Blossom Read more
Cashier - *Apple* Blossom Mall - JCPenney (...
Cashier - Apple Blossom Mall Location:Winchester, VA, United States (https://jobs.jcp.com/jobs/location/191170/winchester-va-united-states) - Apple Blossom Mall Read more
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