TweetFollow Us on Twitter

December 96 - KON & BAL'S PUZZLE PAGE: Folder Fun

KON & BAL'S PUZZLE PAGE: Folder Fun

Konstantin Othmer and Bruce Leak

See if you can solve this programming puzzle, presented in the form of a dialog between Konstantin Othmer (KON) and Bruce Leak (BAL). The dialog gives clues to help you. Keep guessing until you're done; your score is the number to the left of the clue that gave you the correct answer. Even if you never run into the particular problems being solved here, you'll learn some valuable debugging techniques that will help you solve your own programming conundrums. And you'll also learn interesting Macintosh trivia.

>
KON It's you again.
BAL It seems our bid for drumming up Puzzle Page authors hasn't gone well.
KON I guess everyone's waiting for the Mac OS 8 release. From what I hear, they'll be waiting quite a while.
BAL I've got a lot of work to do. Can we get on with this?
KON OK. Have you ever heard of Retrospect Remote?
BAL Yeah, we run it. It's that backup program. It slows your machine to a crawl when it's doing its thing, but we've never had a problem with it. Our engineers don't allow it on their machines, though.
KON Apparently someone went around one morning and installed it while we were all sleeping. It's been running great for the last year, but suddenly one of the machines started showing an execution error.
BAL Easy enough. Go check out the logs and see what it's complaining about.

100KON It says folders are nested too deep on that machine. Sure enough, the machine has a folder called "<unknown name>," and inside that folder is another called "<unknown name>," and so on. It was mixed in with our project files.
BAL What system are you running?
KON A Power Mac 7100/66 with 32 MB of RAM and an 800 MB hard disk, running system version 7.1.2 -- the "last trusted system," according to Chris Derossi.
BAL What happens when you use the Finder to get info on the folder?
90 KON It says there are 99 items inside this one for zero K of disk space.
BAL Go in a level and try the same thing. Still 99 items?
KON Yep.
BAL Go in a few more levels and rename one of the folders. Come back out and go back in. Anything unusual?
KON Nope. The renamed folder kept its new name. The Finder tells you there are 99 items inside it.
BAL Just keep opening folders. How deep does it go?
80 KON After opening folders for a few minutes, you get too bored to continue.
BAL Rename every tenth folder or so, to create some landmarks. Dig down doing this. Can you Command-click on the window title and see the whole hierarchy?
KON Yes. You're doing one heck of a test on the pop-up menu manager.
BAL So, what happens?
70 KON After you do this about 150 times, the Finder displays the familiar "out of memory" message. It says you might try closing some windows to make more memory available. I have the feeling this might be one case where that advice actually works!
BAL Do a Get Info on the hard drive. How many items does it have?
KON 16,774 items on disk.
BAL Somehow I was expecting a larger number! Try copying the folder.
KON We crash.
BAL Where? Any clues?
KON In CopyDoubler.
BAL That sounds like a subject for another column. Hold down the Control key when copying the folder to tell CopyDoubler to stay out of it.
60 KON The Finder puts up the copy dialog, waits about two minutes, advances the thermometer the entire way in about three seconds, and then waits another two minutes before finishing. The copy dialog says there are 100 items to be copied. You now have two folder hierarchies.
BAL That's interesting. I've seen the Finder copy way more than 100 items at one time, but somehow its knowledge of folder nesting is limited to 99 or 100. Do a Get Info on the drive again and see how many new items were created.
KON Now there are 18,679 items on disk -- 1,905 new ones.
BAL Copy it to a file server.
55 KON OK. Now the Finder does the copy the same as before, except after the thermometer is finished, the dialog stays up, waiting for a long time.
BAL How long?
KON Suppose we go to a long dinner at the Peppermill Lounge. When we come back it still won't be done.
BAL Look at the folder hierarchy on the network from another Mac.
KON While it's still copying?
BAL Sure.
50 KON You see a bunch of folders, as you'd expect, except the network is really slow. Apparently the Finder is generating a lot of network traffic trying to create all those directories.
BAL Stop that file copy.
45 KON The Stop button in the copy dialog is highlighted (indicating that you pressed it), and the network is back to normal, but the copy dialog doesn't go away.
BAL Reboot and look at the folders in Standard File.
KON No new clues. How deep do you want do go?
BAL Hmm. Try running Norton Utilities on the disk.
KON There were a few bundle bits that are wrong. But once those are fixed, Norton says the disk is fine.
BAL Try DropStuffing the folder.
KON DropStuff crashes.
BAL Try Disk First Aid.
40 KON It tells you that the folder nesting exceeds the Finder-recommended nesting of 100. But other than that, it says the disk is fine.
BAL I guess those folders are really there. The system is running into a bunch of boundary conditions trying to deal with them. The question is how they got there, and I'm not sure how we figure that out given that all we have is a smoking gun.
KON Wait a second...the column isn't supposed to end this way!
BAL OK. I've got an idea. I'll try looking at these folders from MPW with a files -r -c command.
35 KON MPW prints out a bunch of folders and then crashes. The interesting thing is that it crashed right after printing out the 100th level down, which we know from the "rename every tenth folder" exercise we did earlier.
BAL Well, there are some mysteries that we should be able to solve. Clearly, some software on this machine created the folder called "<unknown name>," probably when a directory with a null name or some other exception condition was encountered.
KON OK.
BAL It's probably the Finder, the File Manager, or one of the applications that's commonly used on the machine. Let's ask Paul Mercer if he knows anything about it.
30 Paul First of all, the Finder isn't going to rename a folder on you. And second, even if it did, no one on the Finder team would give the folder a name that contains an angle bracket -- that's just too unpleasant aesthetically. Maybe the File Manager would do such a thing, though.
KON We could try Dave Feldman. I'm not sure he'd have the same issues with angle brackets that Paul has.
25 Dave No issue with angle brackets here! But the File Manager doesn't ever attempt to detect or fix damaged catalog info. It will rebuild the volume bitmap (that long pause when remounting a disk after a system crash), but it leaves everything else alone. No matter how much it's abused by the Finder, the File Manager will never surreptitiously set a folder to "<unknown name>." Tell Paul I said what does he know, he's been gone from Apple long enough to have forgotten what little he once knew about the File Manager. Furthermore, the File Manager doesn't care how deep you nest folders; that's a Finder problem.
BAL Well, the system hasn't changed much since either of those guys left Apple, so it's probably something else. Maybe you can get someone at Apple to search all the system sources and see if they can come up with a hit on "unknown name."
20 KON I talked to Jim Luther about it and he said it shows up in only one place -- the Alias Manager. Apparently the Alias Manager will store the name of the user who created the alias as part of the alias record. If a user who logs on as a guest creates an alias, the name of the alias creator is set to "unknown name," but there are no angle brackets.
BAL Let's grep the hard disk and see if we can find any hits on "<unknown name>."
KON How do you propose we do that?
BAL Have you seen AltaVista?
KON You mean the search engine on the Internet? Totally awesome. When you do a query they can instantly give you a list of the top hits from any Web site. But what does that have to do with this puzzle?
BAL Well, I figure they can search huge amounts of data way faster than we could ever do it on our local machine. So we dump the entire contents of the hard disk to a Web page, register it with AltaVista, and perform the search.
KON A little unrealistic, but not a bad idea.
BAL Ron Avitzur thought it up.
KON For those keeping score, you're approaching 15.
BAL OK, OK. I'll use Norton Disk Editor and search the whole volume for the string "<unknown name>."
15 KON The first hit is in the catalog. I get the feeling you're going to find at least 1905 of these on this disk, probably more since you duplicated the folders so many times.
BAL OK. Try it on one of your other development machines.
10 KON The string is found in a bunch of places but the sectors aren't owned by a file. But then the needle in the haystack pokes your probing finger -- you find the string in the MPW Shell application.
BAL Open up MPW Shell with ResEdit and find out which resource it's in.
KON Duh! Wrong tool for the job! ResEdit can't search the entire resource fork.
BAL OK. Use Resorcerer.
KON You find the string in CODE resource 27, called %A5Init.
BAL So, it sounds like we should contact someone in MPW land and see if they know what's going on. Here's Alex McKale; maybe he can help us.
5 Alex Sure enough, Projector will create folders with the name "<unknown name>." CheckOutDir creates a folder hierarchy that matches the project hierarchy.
BAL The project hierarchy on this machine is only three or four levels deep, not 1905! Any explanation for that?
Alex Did the machine ever crash while checking out? Maybe some script got in an infinite loop, and you hit the reset button or crashed after some time. This would mean the depth of the hierarchy is based on how long the machine was running in the loop, rather than on some magic number, such as everyone's favorite year plus 1.
KON It happened on Richard's machine. He says his Mac crashes all the time, and he'd be hard pressed to tell you what it was doing during any particular crash.
BAL Hmm. I guess we just need a plausible explanation. Any ideas, Alex?
Alex Your guess is as good as mine. CheckOutDir does very little error checking, so if the project tree got munged -- for example, if there was no terminator in the project folder hierarchy -- it would keep creating folders called "<unknown name>" until it hit a terminator. Give me a reproducible case, and this thing is dead meat.
KON No can do. I guess the exact cause will remain a mystery, along with the true nature of consciousness, the details of Jimmy Hoffa's demise, and the location of my other red sock. Well, at least we managed to narrow it down to Projector, so we can point both our accusatory fingers in the same direction. If nothing else, maybe this will get the Projector folks to add a little more error checking to CheckOutDir.
BAL Nasty.
KON Yeah.

SCORING

70-100Congratulations! You win free lifetime upgrades to MPW.
45-60You win a free copy of Mac OS 8.
25-40You win a lifetime subscription to eWorld.
5-20You win a dinner with Paul and Dave.


KONSTANTIN OTHMER AND BRUCE LEAK are cashing in on the enormous popularity of the Puzzle Page by starting their own online magazine. After rejecting titles like MacsBug Life and Dead Mackerel, they've settled on Mired as the name for their daily diary of debugging. The first issue will include hard-hitting articles like "MacsBug: The Best Command-Line Interface for the Mac?" and "Celebrity dcmds." Watch for it soon in your local cybernews shop!*

Thanks to Chris Derossi, Dave Feldman, Jim Luther, Alex McKale, and Paul Mercer for reviewing this column.*

 

Community Search:
MacTech Search:

Software Updates via MacUpdate

Latest Forum Discussions

See All

Summon your guild and prepare for war in...
Netmarble is making some pretty big moves with their latest update for Seven Knights Idle Adventure, with a bunch of interesting additions. Two new heroes enter the battle, there are events and bosses abound, and perhaps most interesting, a huge... | Read more »
Make the passage of time your plaything...
While some of us are still waiting for a chance to get our hands on Ash Prime - yes, don’t remind me I could currently buy him this month I’m barely hanging on - Digital Extremes has announced its next anticipated Prime Form for Warframe. Starting... | Read more »
If you can find it and fit through the d...
The holy trinity of amazing company names have come together, to release their equally amazing and adorable mobile game, Hamster Inn. Published by HyperBeard Games, and co-developed by Mum Not Proud and Little Sasquatch Studios, it's time to... | Read more »
Amikin Survival opens for pre-orders on...
Join me on the wonderful trip down the inspiration rabbit hole; much as Palworld seemingly “borrowed” many aspects from the hit Pokemon franchise, it is time for the heavily armed animal survival to also spawn some illegitimate children as Helio... | Read more »
PUBG Mobile teams up with global phenome...
Since launching in 2019, SpyxFamily has exploded to damn near catastrophic popularity, so it was only a matter of time before a mobile game snapped up a collaboration. Enter PUBG Mobile. Until May 12th, players will be able to collect a host of... | Read more »
Embark into the frozen tundra of certain...
Chucklefish, developers of hit action-adventure sandbox game Starbound and owner of one of the cutest logos in gaming, has released their roguelike deck-builder Wildfrost. Created alongside developers Gaziter and Deadpan Games, Wildfrost will... | Read more »
MoreFun Studios has announced Season 4,...
Tension has escalated in the ever-volatile world of Arena Breakout, as your old pal Randall Fisher and bosses Fred and Perrero continue to lob insults and explosives at each other, bringing us to a new phase of warfare. Season 4, Into The Fog of... | Read more »
Top Mobile Game Discounts
Every day, we pick out a curated list of the best mobile discounts on the App Store and post them here. This list won't be comprehensive, but it every game on it is recommended. Feel free to check out the coverage we did on them in the links below... | Read more »
Marvel Future Fight celebrates nine year...
Announced alongside an advertising image I can only assume was aimed squarely at myself with the prominent Deadpool and Odin featured on it, Netmarble has revealed their celebrations for the 9th anniversary of Marvel Future Fight. The Countdown... | Read more »
HoYoFair 2024 prepares to showcase over...
To say Genshin Impact took the world by storm when it was released would be an understatement. However, I think the most surprising part of the launch was just how much further it went than gaming. There have been concerts, art shows, massive... | Read more »

Price Scanner via MacPrices.net

Apple Watch Ultra 2 now available at Apple fo...
Apple has, for the first time, begun offering Certified Refurbished Apple Watch Ultra 2 models in their online store for $679, or $120 off MSRP. Each Watch includes Apple’s standard one-year warranty... Read more
AT&T has the iPhone 14 on sale for only $...
AT&T has the 128GB Apple iPhone 14 available for only $5.99 per month for new and existing customers when you activate unlimited service and use AT&T’s 36 month installment plan. The fine... Read more
Amazon is offering a $100 discount on every M...
Amazon is offering a $100 instant discount on each configuration of Apple’s new 13″ M3 MacBook Air, in Midnight, this weekend. These are the lowest prices currently available for new 13″ M3 MacBook... Read more
You can save $300-$480 on a 14-inch M3 Pro/Ma...
Apple has 14″ M3 Pro and M3 Max MacBook Pros in stock today and available, Certified Refurbished, starting at $1699 and ranging up to $480 off MSRP. Each model features a new outer case, shipping is... Read more
24-inch M1 iMacs available at Apple starting...
Apple has clearance M1 iMacs available in their Certified Refurbished store starting at $1049 and ranging up to $300 off original MSRP. Each iMac is in like-new condition and comes with Apple’s... Read more
Walmart continues to offer $699 13-inch M1 Ma...
Walmart continues to offer new Apple 13″ M1 MacBook Airs (8GB RAM, 256GB SSD) online for $699, $300 off original MSRP, in Space Gray, Silver, and Gold colors. These are new MacBook for sale by... Read more
B&H has 13-inch M2 MacBook Airs with 16GB...
B&H Photo has 13″ MacBook Airs with M2 CPUs, 16GB of memory, and 256GB of storage in stock and on sale for $1099, $100 off Apple’s MSRP for this configuration. Free 1-2 day delivery is available... Read more
14-inch M3 MacBook Pro with 16GB of RAM avail...
Apple has the 14″ M3 MacBook Pro with 16GB of RAM and 1TB of storage, Certified Refurbished, available for $300 off MSRP. Each MacBook Pro features a new outer case, shipping is free, and an Apple 1-... Read more
Apple M2 Mac minis on sale for up to $150 off...
Amazon has Apple’s M2-powered Mac minis in stock and on sale for $100-$150 off MSRP, each including free delivery: – Mac mini M2/256GB SSD: $499, save $100 – Mac mini M2/512GB SSD: $699, save $100 –... Read more
Amazon is offering a $200 discount on 14-inch...
Amazon has 14-inch M3 MacBook Pros in stock and on sale for $200 off MSRP. Shipping is free. Note that Amazon’s stock tends to come and go: – 14″ M3 MacBook Pro (8GB RAM/512GB SSD): $1399.99, $200... Read more

Jobs Board

*Apple* Systems Administrator - JAMF - Syste...
Title: Apple Systems Administrator - JAMF ALTA is supporting a direct hire opportunity. This position is 100% Onsite for initial 3-6 months and then remote 1-2 Read more
Relationship Banker - *Apple* Valley Financ...
Relationship Banker - Apple Valley Financial Center APPLE VALLEY, Minnesota **Job Description:** At Bank of America, we are guided by a common purpose to help Read more
IN6728 Optometrist- *Apple* Valley, CA- Tar...
Date: Apr 9, 2024 Brand: Target Optical Location: Apple Valley, CA, US, 92308 **Requisition ID:** 824398 At Target Optical, we help people see and look great - and Read more
Medical Assistant - Orthopedics *Apple* Hil...
Medical Assistant - Orthopedics Apple Hill York Location: WellSpan Medical Group, York, PA Schedule: Full Time Sign-On Bonus Eligible Remote/Hybrid Regular Apply Now Read more
*Apple* Systems Administrator - JAMF - Activ...
…**Public Trust/Other Required:** None **Job Family:** Systems Administration **Skills:** Apple Platforms,Computer Servers,Jamf Pro **Experience:** 3 + years of Read more
All contents are Copyright 1984-2011 by Xplain Corporation. All rights reserved. Theme designed by Icreon.